Which type of corrosion is characterized by localized electrochemical reactions?

Pitting corrosion is characterized by localized electrochemical reactions that lead to the formation of small holes or pits in the material. This type of corrosion occurs when there is a breakdown of the protective oxide layer on metals, often in the presence of chloride ions, which can produce aggressive localized attacks.

The process begins when an electrochemical cell forms, and the metal surface begins to deteriorate in specific spots rather than uniformly across its surface. This localized attack can be particularly insidious because it may remain undetected until significant damage has occurred, making it critical for inspection and maintenance practices in aerospace applications. The recognition of pitting as a significant corrosion type is fundamental for selecting materials and protective measures in aerospace engineering, where structural integrity is paramount.

In contrast, uniform corrosion affects the entire surface evenly; stress corrosion involves cracking due to stress in a corrosive environment; while galvanic corrosion results from two dissimilar metals establishing a coupling where one anode corrodes faster than the other. Understanding these distinctions is essential for effective corrosion management in aerospace components.